Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide composed of three amino acids and classified in the scientific literature as a short regulatory peptide. Unlike many peptide compounds that exert activity through membrane-bound receptors, Pinealon has been investigated in preclinical models for its ability to directly associate with nuclear components and influence transcriptional regulation.

Experimental studies utilize Pinealon as a molecular probe to examine peptide–DNA interactions, epigenetic modulation, and gene expression dynamics under controlled in-vitro and in-vivo laboratory conditions.

Source: PubChem

Sequence: Glu-Asp-Arg
Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₈
Molecular Weight: 418.407 g/mol
PubChem CID: 18220191
Synonyms: Glutamylaspartylarginine, T-33 peptide

Preclinical investigations indicate that Pinealon does not rely on classical receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Instead, fluorescence-labeled peptide studies conducted in cultured cells demonstrate translocation across cellular and nuclear membranes, enabling direct interaction with nucleic acids.

In-vitro binding assays and cellular models have been used to examine sequence-specific interactions between Pinealon and DNA fragments, supporting its use as a research tool for studying transcriptional regulation, chromatin-associated processes, and epigenetic modulation under experimental conditions.

Pinealon is employed in laboratory research settings to evaluate peptide-mediated regulation of gene expression in neural, muscular, and epithelial cell models. Experimental systems utilize Pinealon to examine changes in transcriptional profiles associated with oxidative stress, hypoxic exposure, and metabolic perturbation.

Additional applications include investigation of cell cycle modulation, redox-sensitive signaling networks, and peptide-driven epigenetic effects observed in controlled rodent and cellular model systems.

Preclinical studies conducted in cell cultures and animal models have explored Pinealon-associated modulation of transcriptional activity, oxidative stress response pathways, and caspase-linked signaling cascades. Observations from these models are used to characterize molecular responses under experimentally induced stress conditions.

Reported findings include altered expression of genes involved in redox balance, mitochondrial-associated signaling, and programmed cell turnover. These outcomes are interpreted strictly within a mechanistic and exploratory research framework without translational inference.

Source: Semantic Scholar

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Vladimir Khavinson is a Professor, President of the European region of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Member of the Russian and Ukrainian Academies of Medical Sciences; Main gerontologist of the Health Committee of the Government of Saint Petersburg, Russia; Director of the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology; Vice-president of Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Chair of Gerontology and Geriatrics of the North-Western State Medical University, St-Petersburg; Colonel of medical service (USSR, Russia), retired. Vladimir Khavinson is known for the discovery, experimental and clinical studies of new classes of peptide bioregulators as well as for the development of bioregulating peptide therapy. He is engaged in studying of the role of peptides in regulation of the mechanisms of ageing. His main field of actions is design, pre-clinical and clinical studies of new peptide geroprotectors. A 40-year-long investigation resulted in a multitude of methods of application of peptide bioregulators to slow down the process of aging and increase human life span. Six peptide-based pharmaceuticals and 64 peptide food supplements have been introduced into clinical practice by V. Khavinson. He is an author of 196 patents (Russian and international) as well as of 775 scientific publications. His major achievements are presented in two books: “Peptides and Ageing” (NEL, 2002) and “Gerontological aspects of genome peptide regulation” (Karger AG, 2005). Vladimir Khavinson introduced scientific specialty “Gerontology and Geriatrics” in the Russian Federation on the governmental level. Academic Council headed by V. Khavinson has oversighted over 200 Ph.D. and Doctorate theses from many different countries.

Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of Pinealon. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Sciences and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is listed in [1] [3] [5] [6] and [9] under the referenced citations.

1. L. I. Fedoreyeva, I. I. Kireev, V. K. Khavinson, and B. F. Vanyushin, “Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA,” Biochem. Biokhimiia, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 1210–1219, Nov. 2011.
2. V. N. Meshchaninov, E. L. Tkachenko, S. V. Zharkov, I. V. Gavrilov, and I. E. Katyreva, “[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 62–67, 2015.
3. V. K. Khavinson, B. I. Kuznik, S. I. Tarnovskaya, and N. S. Lin’kova, “Short Peptides and Telomere Length Regulator Hormone Irisin,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 160, no. 3, pp. 347–349, Jan. 2016.
4. K. S. Rana et al., “Plasma irisin levels predict telomere length in healthy adults,” Age Dordr. Neth., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 995–1001, Apr. 2014.
5. A. Arutjunyan, L. Kozina, S. Stvolinskiy, Y. Bulygina, A. Mashkina, and V. Khavinson, “Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia,” Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–185, 2012.
6. V. Khavinson et al., “Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes,” Rejuvenation Res., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 535–541, Oct. 2011.
7. L. S. Kozina, “[Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 61–67, 2008.
8. J. Zhang and W. Zhang, “Can irisin be a linker between physical activity and brain function?,” Biomol. Concepts, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 253–258, Aug. 2016.
9. V. K. Khavinson, N. S. Lin’kova, S. I. Tarnovskaya, R. S. Umnov, E. V. Elashkina, and A. O. Durnova, “Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 157, no. 1, pp. 77–80, May 2014.
10. A. M. Mendzheritskiĭ, G. V. Karantysh, G. A. Ryzhak, and S. V. Dem’ianenko, “[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 94–97, 2014.
11. “Serum Caspase-3 p17 Fragment Is Elevated in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction | JACC: Journal of the American College of Cardiology.” [Online]. Available: http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/57/2/220. [Accessed: 11-Jun-2019].
12. M. A. Voicekhovskaya, N. I. Chalisova, E. A. Kontsevaya, and G. A. Ryzhak, “Effect of bioregulatory tripeptides on the culture of skin cells from young and old rats,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 357–359, Jan. 2012.
13. A. S. Bashkireva and V. G. Artamonova, “[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 718–728, 2012.

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