Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; PHM27) is a 28–amino acid neuropeptide encoded by the VIP gene and conserved across vertebrate species. VIP is classified as a class II secretin/glucagon family peptide and interacts primarily with the G protein–coupled receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2. Experimental studies have characterized VIP as a signaling molecule involved in neuroimmune communication, epithelial barrier regulation, and intracellular second-messenger modulation.

All information presented herein is derived exclusively from molecular, cellular, tissue-level, and in-vivo animal research models. No clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic interpretation is implied.

Amino Acid Sequence: HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN

Molecular Formula: C₁₄₇H₂₃₇N₄₃O₄₃S

Molecular Weight: ~3326.7 g/mol

Receptor Class: Class II GPCRs (VPAC1, VPAC2)

Biochemical studies indicate that VIP signaling is primarily mediated through adenylate cyclase activation, intracellular cAMP accumulation, and downstream PKA-dependent transcriptional regulation.

VIP is widely utilized in experimental systems investigating:

• Neuroimmune signaling and cytokine network modulation
• Epithelial barrier integrity and tight-junction dynamics
• Smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation
• Fibrotic pathway regulation in pulmonary and cardiac tissue models
• Neurotrophic factor expression and synaptic maintenance

Use of VIP in these contexts is restricted to mechanistic and observational research frameworks.

Preclinical studies report that VIP signaling influences intracellular pathways including:

• cAMP/PKA-dependent transcriptional modulation
• NFAT-associated immune cell activation pathways
• Regulatory T-cell differentiation signaling networks
• Angiotensin-associated fibrotic gene expression cascades

Observed pathway interactions vary by tissue type and experimental model, highlighting context-dependent receptor coupling and downstream signaling specificity.

In animal and ex-vivo tissue models, VIP has been associated with measured changes in:

• Immune cell infiltration indices
• Fibrosis-associated gene expression profiles
• Epithelial permeability and tight-junction protein distribution
• Neurotrophic factor secretion levels

These findings represent reported experimental endpoints and observed associations within controlled research environments and do not imply functional outcomes outside laboratory models.

This material is supplied as a synthetic peptide intended for laboratory research use. Identity and purity are evaluated using analytical techniques such as:

• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
• Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Analytical documentation is provided for structural confirmation and batch consistency assessment only.

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